控释氮肥对玉米秸秆腐解及潮土有机碳组分的影响

施肥影响秸秆还田效果,研究不同形态氮肥对秸秆腐解及土壤有机碳组分的影响可为秸秆还田下氮肥合理施用提供科学依据。以10年小麦-玉米轮作定位施肥试验为基础,采用尼龙网袋田间填埋法,研究了控释掺混尿素和普通尿素不同用量(纯氮120,240,360 kg/hm~2)对潮土中玉米秸秆腐解及土壤有机碳组分的影响。结果表明:与普通尿素相比,控释掺混尿素具有促进秸秆腐解的趋势;在秸秆腐解后期,控释掺混尿素处理较普通尿素显著促进了秸秆氮、磷的释放,而不同氮肥处理对秸秆中钾素的释放影响并不显著。在秸秆腐解后期,相同施氮量条件下,常规施氮量和增施氮量的控释掺混尿素处理较普通尿素显著增加土壤水溶性和热水溶性有机碳含量。在增加土壤微生物量碳、氮含量方面,在秸秆腐解的某些阶段控释掺混尿素处理的促进作用显著高于普通尿素处理。综合来看,与普通尿素相比,控释掺混尿素在秸秆腐解和增加土壤有机碳组分方面具有较好的促进作用。     

湖南省深秋一次罕见持续性暴雨过程诊断分析

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2014年10月27日至11月1日发生在湖南省中北部的一次罕见持续性暴雨天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明,副高强度及其位置、孟加拉湾低槽活动情况及东高西低形势是引起此次暴雨天气过程的大尺度环流背景;高层辐散、低层辐合及强烈的上升运动为暴雨的发生提供了有力的动力抬升条件;低空西南急流的建立和维持为暴雨的产生提供了充沛的水汽条件。整个强降水过程冷空气活动较弱,暴雨主要发生在西南急流左侧的水汽辐合区。此次深秋暴雨集中发生在2个阶段,第一个阶段发生在东路冷空气影响下的大气层结稳定状态下,持续时间长;第二个阶段则是西路冷空气入侵,是在对流不稳定状态下产生的持续时间短。     

搬迁化工场地土壤污染现状分析与电氧化修复研究

针对化工企业搬迁后遗留场地的污染问题,以江苏常州某搬迁化工场地污染土壤为研究对象,通过现状分析确定目标污染物为多环芳烃类易挥发性有机物及氯苯类有机物。针对有机复合污染场地特征,以1-萘胺、1,2-二氯苯和1,4-二氯苯为主要去除污染物,采用电氧化原位修复技术对土壤进行处理。结果表明,水土质量比、电氧化时间、电流强度是电氧化修复主要影响因子,当水土质量比为2∶1、氧化电极电流强度为300 A、电氧化时间为15 min时,土壤中的主要污染物1-萘胺、1,2-二氯苯和1,4-二氯苯去除率均达到90%以上;有机复合污染越重的土壤,在相同电氧化时间区间内去除率越高,说明方法适用于处理污染物浓度较高的土壤。经测算,处理1 t土壤,约需费用70.9元。研究可为该化工企业有机复合污染场地修复提供技术工艺参数和理论依据,并可为同类型的污染场地修复提供技术选择和工艺设计参考。     

湖南粮食生产区域布局优化战略

在综合分析资源禀赋、技术条件、市场区位、生产规模、产业基础及布局指向等方面因素，兼顾相对集中连片原则，结合粮食生产现状、市场前景与产业发展趋势的基础上，提出了将湖南划分为“一区一圈两带”的粮食生产区域布局优化战略。对“一区一圈两带”4个片区的粮食生产特征进行了总结，并提出了各片区的功能定位和主攻方向。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析商陆及其炮制品挥发性成分

利用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对比分析商陆(Phyto鄄lacca acinosa Roxb.)不同炮制品挥发性成分,并通过面积归一化法计算每种成分的相对百分含量。结果表明,从商陆生品中检测出39个峰,鉴定出29种成分,占挥发性成分的76.52%;从醋商陆中检测出33个峰,鉴定出27种成分,占挥发性成分的68.78%。共有挥发性成分有14种,与商陆生品相比,醋商陆减少15种成分,新增13种成分。商陆不同炮制品中挥发性成分的组成和含量均发生了变化。     

小麦茎秆断裂强度相关性状QTL的连锁和关联分析

小麦茎秆断裂强度与倒伏特性关系密切,并对产量有很大影响。本研究旨在解析茎秆断裂强度的遗传机制,开发与该性状紧密连锁/关联的分子标记。利用山农01-35′藁城9411重组自交系(RIL)群体(含173个F8:9株系)和由205个品种(系)构成的自然群体,借助90 k小麦SNP基因芯片、DArT芯片及传统分子标记技术,在2个环境中对两群体的茎秆断裂强度相关性状进行连锁分析和全基因组关联分析。利用已构建的高密度连锁图谱,在4B染色体的TDURUM_CONTIG63670_287–IACX557和EX_C101685–RAC875_C27536等区段上,检测到9个控制小麦茎秆断裂强度、株高、茎秆第2节间充实度、茎秆第2节壁厚相关性状的加性QTL,可解释表型变异9.40%~36.30%。同时,利用包含24 355个SNP位点的复合遗传图谱,在自然群体中检测到37个与茎秆断裂强度相关性状(P0.0001)的标记,分别位于1A、1B、2B、2D、3A、3B、4A、4B、5A、5B、5D、6B、7A、7B和7D染色体,可解释表型变异7.76%~36.36%。在4B染色体上,以连锁分析检测到控制茎秆断裂强度的RAC875_C27536与关联分析检测到的Tdurum_contig4974_355标记,在复合遗传图谱上的距离为6.7 cM,说明该区段存在控制小麦茎秆断裂强度的重要基因。     

Effect Comparison of Adenovirus Vector Transfer into Different Buffalo Cells

Buffalo mammary epithelial cell,cumulus cell and fibroblasts were transfected by adenovirus vectors and compared their transfection efficiency.293 cells were transfected with pBHGloxdelE13cre and pDC316-eGFP by liposome,the virus was collected and titer was detected.Buffalo mammary epithelial cell,cumulus cell and fibroblasts were exposed to different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of adenovirus vectors.After 72 h,the cells were observed with inverted fluorescence microscope,and transfection efficiency was calculated.When the MOI was 25,50,100,200 and 400,the transfection efficiency of fibroblasts were 0.7%,7.0%,9.0%,12.5% and 34.0%,the transfection efficiency of cumulus cells were 42.5%,55.3%,57.4%,76.0% and 80.0%,the transfection efficiency of mammary epithelial cells were 88.7%,100%,100%,100% and 100%.The results showed that the transfection efficiency of mammary epithelial cell was the best,followed by cumulus cell,and fibroblast was poor.     

Model construction of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin

AIM: To investigate the primary culture method for coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), and to establish the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) model in CASMCs of SD rats. METHODS: CASMCs were cultured by tissue explant method. The morphological characteristics were observed under optical microscope. The marker proteins of CASMCs, including α-SMA and SM-MHC, were identified by immunofluorescence technique. The protein expression levels of BiP and CHOP, the marker molecules of ERS, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The spindle-shaped CASMCs climbed out from the edge of coronary artery tissues after 6 d, and formed the typical "hill and valley" growth pattern of CASMCs at 9~10 d. The result of immunofluorescence technique showed that α-SMA and SM-MHC were positively expressed. The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression of BiP and CHOP in TG (1 and 2 μmol/L) treatment groups was increased compared with control group. Compared with control group, the protein expression of BiP and CHOP was significantly increased after 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION: CASMCs can be successfully cultured by tissue explant method. ERS model of CASMCs was established by 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 h.     

利川市山区马铃薯规模化种植的实践与思考

为了探索出一种独具特色的马铃薯规范化、规模化种植模式,基于利川市山区马铃薯规模化种植基地建设情况,结合利川市实际情况,按照优质高效、农旅融合的农业高质量发展要求,对推进马铃薯规模化种植的经验进行总结,提出加强科技支撑、优化发展模式、做好新型职业农民培训、创新管理模式、强化品牌效应的建议。